What is the available evidence for the range of applications of genome-editing as a new tool for plant trait modification and the potential occurrence of associated off-target effects: a systematic map

Table 5 Genome-editing for generating herbicide tolerant plants (1996–May 2018)

Plants	Developer, producer, country	Trait^a	Specification	Technological specification	References
Canola	Cibus, Canada; Cibus, USA	Herbicide tolerance	–	ODM	[23]
Canola	Bayer BioScience N.V., Belgium	Herbicide tolerance	–	ODM	[148]
Cassava	Donald Danforth Plant Science Center, St. Louis, USA	Herbicide tolerance	–	CRISPR/Cas9 SDN3	[149]
Cotton	Bayer CropScience N.V., Belgium	Herbicide tolerance	–	Mega-nucleases SDN3	[150]
Flax	Cibus, USA	Herbicide tolerance	–	CRISPR/Cas9 SDN1	[151]
Maize	DuPont Pioneer, USA	Herbicide tolerance	–	CRISPR/Cas9 SDN1, SDN2, SDN3	[48, 49]
	Dow AgroScience, USA			ZFN SDN3	[99, 152]
	Pioneer Hi-Bred International, USA			ODM	[153, 154]
Potato	Michigan State University, USA	Herbicide tolerance	–	CRISPR/Cas9, TALENs SDN2	[155]
Rice	Chinese Academy of Sciences, China	Herbicide tolerance	–	CRISPR/Cas9 SDN2	[156]
	Chinese Academy of Sciences, China; Huazhong Agricultural University, China; University of California San Diego, USA			CRISPR/Cas9 SDN2	[157]
	Zhejiang University, China			TALENs SDN2	[158]
	Tohoku University, Japan			ODM	[159]
	Kobe University, Japan; University of Tsukuba, Japan			BE	[160, 161]
	King Abdullah University of Science and Technology, Saudi Arabia			CRISPR/Cas9 SDN2	[162]
Soybean	DuPont Pioneer, USA	Herbicide tolerance	–	CRISPR/Cas9 SDN2	[163]
Soybean	DuPont Pioneer, USA	Herbicide tolerance	–	CRISPR/Cas9 SDN3	[164]

^aNo detailed breakdown regarding chemical agents
TALENs Transcription Activator-Like Effector Nucleases, CRISPR/Cas9 Clustered Regularly Interspaced Short Palindromic Repeats/CRISPR associated protein 9, ZFN Zinc-Finger Nuclease, ODM Oligo-Directed Mutagenesis, SDN Site directed nucleases, BE base editing

ISSN: 2047-2382